- A global icon celebrated all over the world, check.
Leader of a political revolution, check.
Prolific composer for your own genre of music, check.
Oh, and Beyonce thinks you're amazing?
Check.
What musician could possibly be this incredible?
I'd like to invite you to the world of Fela Kuti, and his music, Afrobeat.
(upbeat music) Trumpeter Miles Davis said Fela Kuti was a life-transforming artist.
Bassist Bootsy Collins said of Fela's band, "We were telling them they're the funkiest cats we ever heard in our life.
I mean, I play with James Brown's band, but we were totally wiped out!"
(upbeat music) Afrobeat roots itself in West African rhythms and melody, textually on African verbal art, particularly Yoruba praise poetry, the harmonic backdrops of funk and soul, and the improvised nature of jazz.
What makes Afrobeat music so special?
- Because of how much it's drawn from, you know, cultural sounds with traditional rhythms, traditional chants, and the horns, the arrangements are so focused on groove and rhythm, West African rhythm, instrumental interplay, funk in the most cultural way is what Afrobeat I think is.
- I like, that was really well put.
Funk in the most cultural way, that's true.
I dig that.
I dig it.
- Even if you aren't familiar with Afrobeat, it's likely that you like music that couldn't exist without it.
From Vibraphonist Roy Ayers, who toured and recorded with Fela.
(upbeat music) Or even Michael Jackson and Rihanna, borrowing vocal chants from Cameroonian artist, Manu Dibango.
(upbeat music) - How about Beyonce loving Afrobeat so much, she recorded an entire Fela Kuti inspired album that was never released.
- Here's her song "End of Time", which she says has a baseline, percussion, and horns inspired by Fela's Afrobeat.
(upbeat music) - Recently, Nigeria's Burna Boy, hit the global scene notching two back-to-back Grammy nominations.
He's called Fela Kuti the greatest musician, and you can hear the influence directly in his music.
(upbeat music) - What do you think, in your words, what do you think makes Fela Kuti so inspirational to musicians across the world?
- From his compositions, and his bravery, and his, his sincerity, in never compromising, never selling out.
- Wow.
- It was all things you need be a great composer.
So those ingredients are, is the foundation of the Afrobeat.
- So now that we've heard all about Fela Kuti's influence, let's take it back to the 1960's to learn about his musical origins.
By the sixties, the African popular sounds that went on to form Afrobeat, had been established by musicians from Ghana, and other West African countries.
The genre fused Yoruba music, highlife, and jazz, and was brought to life in Nigeria with the help of saxophonist, Orlando Julius, and Fela Kuti's own band, Koola Lobitos.
(upbeat music) Tony Allen was a legendary drummer, who played in Koola Lobitos.
His unique style fused American jazz with highlife, and Fela himself said, without Tony Allen, there would be no Afrobeat.
(upbeat music) Then, in 1969, Fela Kuti and his band went through an evolution.
While living in Los Angeles, Fela's group held down a nightly residency at Citadel 'd Haiti, a small club on Sunset Boulevard.
The band did well enough to pack the club regularly, playing covers of popular soul records and jazz standards.
But according to Sandra Izsadore, his girlfriend at the time, something was missing from their performances.
She pointed him toward a different artistic direction.
In an interview, Fela said, "Sandra gave me the education I wanted to know.
Sandra was my adviser.
She talked to me about politics, history.
She taught me what she knew, and what she knew was enough for me to start on."
This inspired Fela to use his talents for the benefit of his people, just like his mother, Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, who was a women's rights activists back in Nigeria.
Fela didn't have the proper permits to stay in the United States.
He recorded a live album called "Fela Fela Fela" before returning to Nigeria.
This album signifies the point right before his band came into their signature Afrobeat sound.
(upbeat music) And compare that sound, to "Lady", which was recorded just three years later.
(upbeat music) Fela's evolution from club band leader, to leading a musical and political revolution with Afrobeat didn't happen overnight.
Returning to Nigeria allowed his sound to grow to the Fela Kuti remembered today.
So you're probably wondering, what is the Afrobeat sound?
A large part of Afrobeat's magic is how it weaves tradition with music to create its own fabric.
Call and response, improvisation, and short rhythmic phrases are the common threads poured from across the African diaspora.
While Afrobeat was influenced by American genres, it also influenced them in return.
Listen for the tight harmonies in the horns, and the syncopated rhythm in Fela's song, "Fight to Finish".
(upbeat music) Many Afrobeat songs use a layering technique by combining different rhythms together to create the groove.
Most instruments are playing a one or two bar phrase at any given moment.
When layered on top of each other, they create one wide sound that's constantly moving.
Listen to the repetitive patterns played by the guitar, the horns, and the bass in Fela Kuti's song, "Yellow Fever".
(upbeat music) The horns often play the melody of the song, but are also used for call and response with the vocals.
Listen to "Shuffering and Shmiling", where the singers are the call, and the horns are the response.
(upbeat music) You'll also find the horns, drums, and other instruments going for long improvised solos.
Because of this, Afrobeat songs are long, anywhere from 15 minutes to an entire hour.
Listen to Fela improvise on the saxophone in the song "Power Show".
(upbeat music) Fela Kuti's long songs are often broken into two parts.
The first half consists of a jam filled with instrumental solos and no vocals.
Then, about halfway through the song, the vocals come in.
The lead vocal takes the helm, and the background vocals chime in with call and response chants that reflect the energy of the lead.
(upbeat music) Afrobeat music often incorporates political messages into its lyrics.
Common themes are anti-colonialism, pan-Africanism, and antiwar sentiment.
Putting a spotlight to the current climate of Africa has been one of Afrobeat's strongest superpowers.
For example, in "Zombie", Fela sings about Nigerian soldiers mindlessly following the commands of their corrupt government.
(upbeat music) What is one thing you remember most about Fela Kuti?
- I mean, he could be funny, he was a, when it comes to being on the stage he was a completely different person.
- Oh.
- He could stop the band in the middle of a concert too.
If anybody played the wrong note or was not, um.
- In tune.
- In tune, to restart the whole groove.
- Wow.
- He wasn't a conventional father.
- He wasn't at all.
(laughter) - After newfound freedom from British Colonialism and the civil war, Nigeria was entering a new phase of its history.
By the 1970's, the Federal Military Government assumed control of the country.
As a result of the civil war that ended in January 1970, people went hungry, families lost their homes, and the after effects of colonialism ran amuck with the military holding onto power through October 1979, albeit with other coups.
Fela believed the people of Africa could fight against an unjust military regime.
He sought ways to couple his music with his newfound activism.
This led to the renaming of his band to "Africa 70" and the creation of the Kalakuta Republic.
Created in 1970, the Kalakuta Republic was a commune he declared an independent state.
The Kalakuta Republic was home base for almost all of his 1970's albums, including "Gentlemen", "Fear Not For Man", and "Zombie".
All of the political passion he held inside was baked into his music here, free from the outside influence of Nigerian government.
In his two part song, "Confusion", he states it plainly, everything's out of control.
(upbeat music) His ability to politically influence his growing audience became a thorn in the Nigerian government's foot.
To slow down his momentum, he was thrown into jail over 200 times.
The Kalakuta Republic was a safe haven to all who chose to fight against the colonial mindset plaguing Africa at the time.
In 1977, the Nigerian army burned down the commune in a raid that resulted in his mother's injury, from which she never recovered until her death.
Fela Kuti's legacy is in full effect today, despite the absence of his original stomping grounds.
The yearly Felabration festival was created by Fela's daughter, Yeni Kuti, and it honors the father of Afrobeat.
In New York city, local music venue "Shrine" is an American tribute to Fela's original performance space, "Africa Shrine".
Fela's children have continued on his legacy by evolving Afrobeat with their own musical talents.
His youngest son, Seun Kuti, has taken on the lead role in his father's band, now called "Egypt 80".
In their Grammy nominated album, "Black Times", you can hear Afrobeat live on, while Seun sings about justice for his people.
(upbeat music) Fela's oldest son, Femi Kuti, continues to pair activism with music, and has earned four Grammy nominations of his own.
Fun fact, in 2017, Femi broke the record for the longest note on a woodwind instrument at 51 minutes and 35 seconds.
(musical instrument) This year, Femi teamed up with his son, Made Kuti, to release a joint album called "Legacy Plus".
In it, Femi preaches about the struggles of his community.
(upbeat music) Made's music takes Afrobeat further by blending it with more influence from jazz and a psychedelic feeling that calls back to Fela's 1960's musical roots.
(upbeat music) What is the album "Legacy +" about, and how do you intend people to feel when hearing the new album?
- We show how passionate we are about the sound, how passionate we are about the message.
Nobody helped anybody write anything and yet the music and the message is so similar.
It shows how finely in tune we are.
And the legacy is very much, as you said, it's the legacy with everything that has come before us, Fela, my grandfather, we've traced ourselves back to seven generations of music.
It's the plus to the legacy, is that it still continues.
It doesn't end with us.
It doesn't start or end with either of us.
- Other musicians outside of the Kuti family have also made waves in Afrobeat music.
Artists like Tony Allen, Ebo Taylor, Antibalas, Dele Sosimi, Lagbaja, Bola Johnson, and KOKOROKO, a collective of star jazz musicians from London creating Afrobeat music.
(upbeat music) Funk's black positive messages from decades ago gave way to the continued artistic and political awakening of the United States.
Specifically, to the global phenomenon that is hip hop.
Hip hop has a special affinity for Fela, name checking him frequently.
(upbeat music) Today you might hear the term Afrobeats, with an 's', sometimes referred to as Afro-pop or Afro-fusion.
Rather than a distinct genre, Afrobeats is now an umbrella term to describe popular music from West Africa.
What are some things that some people commonly misunderstand about Afrobeat music?
- The difference between Afrobeat and Afrobeats.
- Mmm.
- I think that is the most common misrepresentation because Afrobeats, it's far from, very far from the Afrobeat.
- Afrobeat has more of a, of a political purpose and inspiration.
- I'd say so.
Yeah.
- I hear that.
Afrobeats mixes West African rhythms and harmonic structures with the melodies and sleek production typically found in hip hop.
Sprinkle in a little extra influence from black music from all over the world.
Techno, soca, dancehall, and trap music.
- I would say more, it really came out of hip hop, but they took one of the beats of Afrobeat, which is they take the snare drum from the Afrobeat, which is a very popular groove of, many of my father's tracks, or my track, in the Afrobeat has become the beat of the Afrobeats.
- Afrobeats is a fusion of African traditions from all across the diaspora.
You might remember Drake's number one hit, "One Dance", from 2016.
Drake takes influence from dancehall and Afrobeats, and even collaborated with Nigerian artist, Wizkid.
(upbeat music) "Fem", which means shut up in Yoruba, is a song by Nigerian artist, Davido, that has seen heavy play as an Anthem for the End SARS movement.
It's just one example of how the political fervor of Fela's original genre is still alive.
Tackling the issues of the day as they arrive.
(upbeat music) Fela Kuti hasn't just inspired pop stars of Nigeria, but pop stars all across the world.
Beyonc even paid tribute to Fela in her legendary Coachella performance in 2018.
(upbeat music) Fela's message of love and pride for his people still rings through his life's works and all that they inspired.
What do you think the future of Afrobeat music looks like?
- How Fela has, his music has really gone further, it has ventured much further than we would have thought over the past few years, and it seems every year that goes by he becomes more popular.
It's a similar kind of trajectory, I think from, you know Western classical music or jazz, that the more time goes by, the bigger it gets, and the more, the more all these sub-genres kind of pop out.
And it will just grow as a genre of music, and become you know, one of the, the great, great, you know, top genres.
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