Frederica Freyberg:
There’s more fallout from federal cuts and layoffs for Wisconsin. This time with cuts to the U.S. Department of Education. In the midst of the government shutdown, the Trump administration laid off more than 450 employees in the department, nearly all of them in the office that oversees special education requirements for states. While a federal judge temporarily paused the mass layoffs, deep concerns remain, including for Beth Swedeen, executive director of the Wisconsin Board for People with Developmental Disabilities. And thanks a lot for being here.

Beth Swedeen:
Thank you.

Frederica Freyberg:
So a federal judge, midweek, as we just said, temporarily halted mass layoffs in federal agencies. Does that offer some relief to the consequence relating to special education in Wisconsin?

Beth Swedeen:
I think we’re still concerned because, as you know, everybody is off anyway, with the government being shut down. And we just don’t know what assurances there are that those people will come back in a timely way. And then, of course, when you don’t know if your job is secure, we are assuming a lot of those people might be going elsewhere anyway. So there’s always a concern when there’s this kind of threat that you don’t bounce back from it very quickly.

Frederica Freyberg:
Should the loss of those employees stand, what would the staff cuts in the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services mean for children here in the classroom?

Beth Swedeen:
We think that almost all of the positions were cut with the exception of a handful. So from several hundred down to, you know, under ten. So those are the folks who, when a family can’t get redressed in the state, or if a school district has a question about interpretation of the law, that’s where they went. And so that means that even though we have this federal statute in place, this federal law that’s 50 years old this year, there’s nothing to enforce it if those cuts go through.

Frederica Freyberg:
So this law, the Disabilities Education Act or IDEA, guarantees public special education services to nearly 130,000 students in Wisconsin. What was it like for students with disabilities before the federal law was passed in 1975?

Beth Swedeen:
Well, those students weren’t students. So before 1975, if you had a significant disability or even if you had no developmental disability, but like a physical disability, a school district did not have to serve you. So we know almost all students were either at home with their families or unfortunately in institutions because medical doctors were saying there’s really nothing, no future for your child. Why don’t you just go to a state institution or they — around 50, 60 years ago, some families with a little more vision and kind of a can do attitude did start their own schools, often in church basements, but there were no protections in place. And students who really had so much potential never saw that because they couldn’t even enter the door of a school.

Frederica Freyberg:
Because students with special needs can learn and can be educated and can succeed.

Beth Swedeen:
That’s correct. And our — as you know, as a disability community, we have seen that happen. We have seen even students with the most significant disabilities, with the right supports, with the right services, and now with oftentimes the right technology, they can be successful. They can work in the community. They can live, either semi-independently or with some support, living out in the community. And they can have very fulfilling lives.

Frederica Freyberg:
So if the U.S. Department of Education more generally wants states to take over these and other services, what’s on the horizon for special education?

Beth Swedeen:
Well, the dismantling came first, and the idea of sending those dollars and the responsibility to the states has yet to materialize. So we don’t really know what the future is. Usually when you want to reform something, you look at it carefully to see where the flaws are, and then you develop a plan and supports for implementing the changes. That has not happened in this situation. The cuts have come first and then some lip service toward maybe states can take over, but we really don’t know what that looks like. And as you probably know, that could take years to sort of switch that over. And I think what’s important with IDEA, with this federal law, is it’s a federal law. So the feds are the ones who need to enforce the law. States oftentimes have had issues where they have not enforced the law and that’s when the feds have come in and said, “no, state, you’re not doing it correctly. We’re going to give you, you know, guidance on how you need to change things.”

Frederica Freyberg:
So meanwhile, another U.S. Department of Education cut would eliminate about $8 million of a grant to Wisconsin to attract and retain special education teachers. What’s your reaction to that?

Beth Swedeen:
Well, we’ve seen several different cuts. That’s one that you’re referring to, something that really prepares special education teachers and encourages them to go into the field and stay in the field. There was also a program for deaf-blind students that was cut. So we see this as continuous attacks on students with disabilities and the supports and services they need to be successful.

Frederica Freyberg:
And so where does this leave students and families?

Beth Swedeen:
Well, I was not the first one to hear about this. There was a ripple across the state over the weekend on social media and elsewhere from families. Families were the ones who heard the news first, and they’re really concerned. I mean, they’re — as you mentioned, we already have significant problems with getting enough special education teachers. There’s a lot of teachers on emergency licenses right now, and school districts are having a hard time with budgets, providing the full array of services that students need and that are in their plans. So this is not — this is something that we’re really concerned about moving forward, that that there will not be any enforcement and that families and students will suffer.

Frederica Freyberg:
Beth Swedeen, thanks very much.

Beth Swedeen:
Thank you.