HI, I'M RICK STEVES,
BACK WITH MORE OF THE BEST OF EUROPE.
THIS TIME, WE'RE IN THE HOME OF MY NORWEGIAN ANCESTORS,
AND I'VE GOT A COUSIN HERE WHO OWNS A BOAT!
THIS IS OSLO.
THANKS FOR JOINING US.
OSLO IS NORWAY'S CAPITAL AND CULTURAL HUB.
ITS MANY ATTRACTIONS TELL AN EXCITING STORY.
THEY GIVE AN INSIGHT INTO A PEOPLE WHO,
IN A THOUSAND YEARS, HAVE EVOLVED FROM FEARSOME
VIKING MARAUDERS TO PROUD HOSTS OF THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE.
WE'LL GATHER WITH THE MASSES FOR A CONCERT ATOP OSLO'S
STRIKINGLY MODERN OPERA HOUSE,
ADMIRE THE GRACEFUL LINES OF ANCIENT VIKING SHIPS,
ENJOY SOME MEDIEVAL FLIRTING,
FEEL THE SOUL OF NORWAY IN ITS NATIONAL GALLERY,
CRUISE THE OSLOFJORD,
AND JOIN LOCALS IN EUROPE'S ULTIMATE SCULPTURE PARK.
FOR MUCH OF ITS HISTORY, NORWAY WAS RULED BY
OTHER SCANDINAVIAN POWERS -- DENMARK AND SWEDEN.
IN FACT, FOR 300 YEARS, THE CITY WAS NAMED CHRISTIANIA,
AFTER ITS DANISH KING.
THEN, IN 1924, TO UNDERSCORE THEIR
INDEPENDENCE FROM DENMARK, LOCALS TOSSED OUT THAT NAME
AND TOOK BACK THE OLD NORSE NAME -- OSLO.
SITUATED AT THE HEAD OF A 60-MILE-LONG FJORD,
OSLO IS BY FAR NORWAY'S BIGGEST CITY.
THE CITY SPRAWLS FROM A SMALL HISTORIC CORE TO ENCOMPASS
OVER A MILLION PEOPLE IN ITS METROPOLITAN AREA.
NEARLY ONE IN FIVE NORWEGIANS CALLS GREATER OSLO HOME.
ITS STREETS ARE A MIX OF GLASSY HIGH-RISES,
AND, ESPECIALLY IN ITS FINER RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOODS,
GRAND FACADES.
OSLO'S HARBOR FRONT HUMS WITH INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING
AND A THRIVING CRUISE INDUSTRY.
UPSCALE CONDOMINIUMS ENJOY FJORD-FRONT SETTINGS,
AND PEOPLE HERE SEEM TO BE LIVING VERY WELL.
THE CITY'S GRAND BOULEVARD, KARL JOHANS GATE,
CUTS FROM THE TRAIN STATION: THROUGH THE CENTER OF TOWN TO THE ROYAL PALACE.
IT'S A PEOPLE-FRIENDLY BOULEVARD,
LIVELY WITH RESTAURANTS, PARKS, AND STROLLING CROWDS.
THE BOULEVARD IS NAMED FOR THE MAN WHO
BUILT THIS PALACE, KARL JOHAN.
HE WAS THE 19th-CENTURY SWEDISH KING
WHO RULED NORWAY AFTER SWEDEN TOOK NORWAY FROM DENMARK.
A MILITARY PARADE BEFITTING NORWAY'S MODEST MILITARY POWER
ENLIVENS THE SCENE.
IT ENDS UP AT THE PALACE, WHERE PEOPLE GATHER
TO WATCH THE DAILY CHANGING OF THE GUARD.
[ SPEAKING NORWEGIAN ]
Steves: WHILE NORWAY STILL HAS ITS ROYALTY,
THEY ARE FIGUREHEADS TAMED BY A CONSTITUTION.
TODAY, THERE'S NO QUESTION --
IT'S THE PEOPLE WHO ARE IN CHARGE,
AND THEY'RE MAKING THEIR CITY INCREASINGLY LIVABLE.
IN THE PAST, YOU WOULD HAVE DODGED SEVERAL
LANES OF TRAFFIC TO GET TO THE HARBOR FRONT.
OSLO HAS MADE ITS TOWN CENTER QUIET AND PEDESTRIAN-FRIENDLY
BY SENDING MOST TRAFFIC THROUGH TUNNELS UNDER THE CITY.
THEY ALSO LEVY A TRAFFIC-DISCOURAGING TOLL
ON CARS AS THEY ENTER TOWN,
WHICH SUBSIDIZES PUBLIC TRANSPORT.
MANY EUROPEAN CITIES ARE DOING THE SAME THING -- TUNNELING
AND FINDING CREATIVE WAYS TO HELP FUND PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION.
PEOPLE ARE RETAKING THEIR RIVER FRONTS, LAKEFRONTS,
AND HARBOR FRONTS.
YOU CAN EVEN HEAR THE BIRDS.
THE HISTORIC AKERSHUS FORTRESS OVERLOOKS OSLO'S HARBOR.
WHILE ONCE THE MENACING PLACE FROM WHERE DANISH
AND SWEDISH OVERLORDS KEPT AN EYE ON THE NORWEGIAN PEOPLE,
TODAY THE FORTRESS SEEMS TO OVERSEE ONLY GOOD TIMES.
WHILE IT'S STILL A MILITARY BASE,
SOLDIERS SEEM ONLY TO GUARD OBLIVIOUS PICNICKERS.
CANNON-STREWN RAMPARTS OFFER: INVITING BENCHES AND FINE HARBOR VIEWS.
[ GULLS SQUAWKING ]
OPPOSITE THE FORTRESS, A ROW OF FORMER WAREHOUSES
HAS BEEN TRANSFORMED INTO TRENDY RESTAURANTS AND CONDOS.
ONCE A GRITTY INDUSTRIAL ZONE,
TODAY IT'S A VIBRANT NEIGHBORHOOD
ENJOYED BY RESIDENTS AND VISITORS ALIKE.
OSLO'S STRIKING CITY HALL FACES THE HARBOR.
IT WAS FINISHED IN 1950: TO CELEBRATE THE CITY'S 900th BIRTHDAY.
NORWAY'S LEADING ARTISTS ALL CONTRIBUTED TO WHAT WAS
AN AVANT-GARDE THRILL IN ITS DAY.
THE STATUES, WHICH DATE FROM THE 1930s,
CELEBRATE THE NOBILITY OF THE WORKING CLASS.
THE ART, WHICH SHOWS EVERYONE WORKING TOGETHER,
IMPLIES A CLASSLESS SOCIETY.
INSIDE, THE GRAND HALL IS FAMOUS FOR HOSTING
THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE CEREMONY.
ENTERING HERE, I'M REMINDED THAT IN THIS
MOST HIGHLY TAXED CORNER OF EUROPE, CITY HALLS,
RATHER THAN CHURCHES, ARE THE DOMINANT BUILDINGS.
WHILE THE STATE RELIGION IS LUTHERAN,
PEOPLE RARELY GO TO CHURCH.
INSTEAD, THEY SEEM TO ALMOST WORSHIP GOOD GOVERNMENT.
IN FACT, THIS MAIN HALL ACTUALLY FEELS LIKE A TEMPLE.
THE ALTAR-LIKE MURAL CELEBRATES FAMILY VALUES,
GOOD CITIZENSHIP, AND CIVIC ADMINISTRATION.
THE MURAL SHOWS BOTH TOWN FOLK AND COUNTRY FOLK,
PEOPLE FROM ALL CLASSES AND ALL WALKS OF LIFE.
TOGETHER, DESPITE THEIR DIFFERENCES,
THEY'RE COLLABORATING, WITH A DETERMINATION
TO BUILD A BETTER SOCIETY.
THIS ART ILLUSTRATES HOW NORWEGIANS ARE COMFORTABLE
WITH THEIR MORE SOCIALISTIC FORM OF GOVERNMENT.
THEY PAY HIGH TAXES, HAVE HIGH EXPECTATIONS
OF THEIR GOVERNMENT, AND ARE GENERALLY SATISFIED
WITH HOW THEIR LEADERS SPEND THEIR MONEY.
OSLO'S HARBOR FRONT PROVIDES AN INVITING PLACE
TO SIMPLY ENJOY THE URBAN SCENE BETWEEN SIGHTSEEING STOPS.
FROM HERE, A FERRY SHUTTLES VISITORS
ACROSS THE HARBOR TO BYGDOY, A PENINSULA WITH SEVERAL MUSEUMS
HIGHLIGHTING THE NATION'S MARITIME HISTORY.
THE VIKING SHIP MUSEUM SHOWS OFF 9th-CENTURY VIKING SHIPS --
ICONS FROM THOSE DAYS OF PILLAGE AND PLUNDER.
NORWEGIAN MARAUDERS TERRORIZED EUROPE FOR GENERATIONS.
GAZING UP AT THE PROW OF ONE OF THESE SLEEK VESSELS,
YOU CAN IMAGINE THE HORROR: PEASANTS IN FRANCE OR ENGLAND OR RUSSIA FELT
WHEN THOSE REDHEADS ON THE RAMPAGE
SAILED UP THEIR RIVER.
OVER A THOUSAND YEARS AGO, THREE THINGS DROVE VIKINGS
ON THEIR FAR-FLUNG RAIDS -- HARD ECONOMIC TIMES
IN THEIR BLEAK HOMELAND, THE LURE OF PROSPEROUS
AND VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES TO THE SOUTH,
AND A MASTERY OF THE SEA.
IN A BOAT LIKE THIS, FINELY CRAFTED OF OAK,
THE VIKINGS RANGED FAR AND WIDE.
THEY SETTLED OVER A THOUSAND MILES AWAY
IN THE WEST OF FRANCE, WHICH BECAME NORMANDY,
NAMED FOR THOSE NORSEMEN.
AND THEY HOP-SCOTCHED ACROSS THE ATLANTIC,
FROM ICELAND TO GREENLAND AND ON TO THE EAST COAST OF CANADA,
WHICH THEY CALLED VINLAND.
IMAGINE 30 MEN HAULING ON LONG OARS,
MUSCLING THROUGH THE SEA FOR WEEKS AND MONTHS ON END.
IN 1892, A REPLICA OF THIS SHIP SAILED TO AMERICA IN 44 DAYS
TO CELEBRATE THE 400th ANNIVERSARY OF COLUMBUS
NOT DISCOVERING AMERICA.
THIS SHIP, WITH ITS WELL-DESIGNED RUDDER
AND INTRICATE CARVING, WAS PROBABLY A CEREMONIAL
PLEASURE CRAFT FOR ROYALTY TO PROMENADE ON CALM WATERS.
VIKING CHIEFTAINS WERE BURIED IN THEIR SHIPS
WITH THEIR POSSESSIONS.
IN FACT, THAT'S WHY THESE PARTICULAR SHIPS SURVIVED.
EXCAVATIONS TURNED UP ARTIFACTS OF LEATHER
AND FINELY CARVED WOOD,
LIKE THESE ORNATE SLEIGHS.
THIS HORSE CART IS DECORATED WITH FANCIFUL SCENES
FROM OLD VIKING SAGAS.
AN ADJACENT MUSEUM HOUSES ANOTHER NORWEGIAN SHIP,
THE FRAM.
A THOUSAND YEARS AFTER THE VIKINGS,
THE STEAM-AND-SAIL-POWERED FRAM TOOK MODERN-DAY EXPLORERS
AMUNDSEN AND NANSEN DEEP INTO BOTH POLAR REGIONS.
THIS TOUGH SHIP VENTURED BOTH FARTHER NORTH
AND SOUTH THAN ANY SHIP HAD GONE BEFORE.
EXHIBITS HELP YOU IMAGINE: LIFE IN THESE EXTREMES, SO FAR FROM THE SAFETY
AND COMFORTS OF CIVILIZATION.
FOR THREE YEARS, THIS BOAT, ESPECIALLY DESIGNED
TO SURVIVE THE PRESSURE OF A FROZEN SEA,
WAS LOCKED IN THE GRIP OF THE ARCTIC ICE.
THE FRAM WAS WELL-EQUIPPED: WITH INSTRUMENTS FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH.
STATE-OF-THE-ART IN THE EARLY 1900s,
THESE TOOLS ENABLED THE EXPLORERS TO BRING BACK
IMPORTANT NEW DATA FROM THE POLAR FRONTIERS.
NEXT TO THE FRAM IS ANOTHER EXAMPLE
OF NORWAY'S SEAFARING HERITAGE --
THE KON-TIKI.
IN 1947, THE NORWEGIAN EXPLORER THOR HEYERDAHL
AND HIS CREW CONSTRUCTED: THE KON-TIKI RAFT OUT OF BAMBOO AND BALSA WOOD.
THEY SET SAIL FROM PERU ON THE CRUDE AND FRAGILE CRAFT,
SURVIVING FOR 101 DAYS ON FISH, COCONUTS, AND SWEET POTATOES.
ABOUT 4,300 MILES LATER, THEY LANDED IN POLYNESIA.
THE POINT OF THIS EXPEDITION WAS TO SHOW THAT
EARLY SOUTH AMERICANS COULD HAVE SETTLED POLYNESIA.
WHILE HEYERDAHL PROVED THEY COULD HAVE,
ANTHROPOLOGISTS DOUBT THEY ACTUALLY DID.
TODAY, WITH THIS IDYLLIC FJORD-SIDE SETTING,
LOCALS SEEM CONTENT NOT TO SAIL FAR AWAY
BUT TO SIMPLY ENJOY THE DELIGHTFUL SETTING
OF THE CITY THEY CALL HOME.
AND FOR THE PEOPLE OF OSLO,
THEIR FJORD IS A NATURAL WONDERLAND.
MANY CHOOSE TO LIVE IN PEACEFUL ISLAND COMMUNITIES,
JUST AN EASY COMMUTE FROM DOWNTOWN.
OTHERS SEE IT AS A PLAYGROUND.
MY COUSIN KARI-ANNE: AND HER PARTNER KNUT ARE PICKING US UP FOR A SHORT CRUISE.
WITHIN MINUTES, OSLO IS A WORLD AWAY,
AND WE'RE SURROUNDED BY THE BEAUTY
OF ITS FJORD -- ISLANDS PROVIDE A QUICK ESCAPE
FOR COMMUTERS, VACATIONERS, KAYAKERS, AND CAMPERS.
WHILE LOCALS LOVE TO ZIP OFF IN THEIR BOATS,
EVEN TOURISTS CAN HOP ON A FERRY
TO ENJOY MUCH OF THE SAME EXPERIENCE.
WE'RE ANCHORING IN A CHARMING COVE
ONLY ABOUT TEN MINUTES FROM THE CITY.
SO IT'S THE PERFECT ESCAPE, OSLOFJORD.
MMM, VERY NICE RESORT FOR EVERYBODY.
WHEN A TOURIST COMES TO NORWAY,
WE KIND OF THINK "EXPENSIVE" AND "HIGH TAXES."
MM-HMM, BUT WE ALSO HAVE
A THOROUGH SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLE
WHERE THE IDEA IS THAT: THE BASIC THINGS SHOULD BE FREE FOR EVERYBODY.
NOW, A NORMAL AMERICAN WORKER PAYS PROBABLY 30%
OF THEIR INCOME IN TAXES, I THINK.
WHAT WOULD A WORKER...
GENERALLY WOULD BE AROUND 50%.
OKAY, BUT IF YOU ADD IN THE COST OF EDUCATION
TO SEND YOUR KIDS TO COLLEGE, AND HEALTH CARE IN AMERICA...
PROBABLY BE THE SAME.
PROBABLY THE SAME.
BUT DOES THIS IDEALISM: DEMORALIZE PEOPLE FROM BEING INNOVATIVE
AND WORKING REALLY HARD TO GET AHEAD?
I THINK IT IS THE OPPOSITE,
BECAUSE YOU HAVE SECURITY IN THE BOTTOM,
AND THEN YOU CAN ACTUALLY HAVE CREATIVITY
AND PRODUCTIVITY THAT'S BASED UPON THAT.
I'M SURE IT'S NOT PERFECT, BUT ALL IN ALL,
DO YOU LIKE THE SYSTEM?
I'M CONVINCED IT'S A GOOD IDEA.
I MEAN, POLITICALLY, IT'S A BASIC IDEA I BELIEVE IN,
SO -- AND OF COURSE IT CAN ALWAYS BE BETTER,
BUT I THINK THE BEST THING IS THAT YOU'RE FREE FROM
THE KIND OF ANXIETY THAT I HAVE A FEELING
MANY AMERICANS FEEL, THAT, UM, "HOW CAN I AFFORD
TO GO TO HOSPITAL IN CASE I GET ILL?"
"WHAT HAPPENS WHEN I GET OLD, IF I DON'T HAVE THE MONEY
TO STAY IN A NICE PLACE," FOR INSTANCE.
ALL THESE THINGS ARE MORE OR LESS
TAKEN CARE OF IN THIS SYSTEM.
Steves: WHEREVER I TRAVEL, IT'S STIMULATING TO LEARN ABOUT
DIFFERENT SOCIAL SYSTEMS THAT CONFOUND MANY AMERICANS.
BUT LIFE WASN'T ALWAYS A PICNIC ON THE FJORD.
THE NORWEGIAN FOLK MUSEUM TAKES US BACK TO A DAY
WHEN LIFE WAS MORE OF A STRUGGLE.
IT DISPLAYS 150 TRADITIONAL BUILDINGS
BROUGHT HERE FROM ALL CORNERS OF THE COUNTRY
AND REASSEMBLED IN THIS SPRAWLING PARK.
THE MUSEUM IS ALIVE WITH PEOPLE
DEMONSTRATING SLICES OF FOLK LIFE.
SMARTLY CRAFTED LOG CONSTRUCTION AND SOD ROOFS
WERE WELL-DESIGNED FOR THE LONG, COLD WINTERS.
STEPPING INSIDE, YOU GET A TASTY EXAMPLE
OF LIFE BACK THEN -- THESE WOMEN ARE
MAKING OLD-FASHIONED LEFSE.
CHRISTIANITY CAME TO NORWAY BACK IN VIKING TIMES.
BUILDERS EMPLOYED THEIR EXPERT WOODWORKING SKILLS --
EVIDENT IN THEIR SHIPBUILDING --
TO MAKE FINE WOODEN STAVE CHURCHES.
THEY'RE NAMED FOR THE STAVES, OR UPRIGHT POSTS,
UPON WHICH THEY'RE BUILT.
WHILE COMMONPLACE IN 12th-CENTURY NORWAY,
ONLY A FEW OF THESE CHURCHES SURVIVE.
AND EVERY HOUR THROUGH THE DAY, A CROWD GATHERS
AT THIS FARM HAMLET FROM THE NORTHERN REGION OF TELEMARK
TO ENJOY FOLK MUSIC AND DANCE.
WITH THE VERY STRICT SOCIAL CONSTRAINTS
OF CENTURIES PAST, FOLK DANCES WERE
AN ACCEPTABLE WAY FOR BOYS AND GIRLS TO FLIRT
AND STRUT THEIR STUFF.
HEY!
[ CHEERS AND APPLAUSE ]
Steves: BACK IN THE CENTER,
WE TAKE A SHORT WALK FROM DOWNTOWN.
LEAVING THE TOURIST ATTRACTIONS BEHIND,
YOU CONNECT A LITTLE MORE INTIMATELY WITH THE CITY.
THE NATIONAL GRAVEYARD IS A WELL-TENDED OASIS OF PEACE,
WHERE MANY OF THE COUNTRY'S CULTURAL GREATS ARE BURIED.
IT LEADS TO OSLO'S OLDEST STILL-STANDING BUILDING.
THE 12th-CENTURY GAMLE AKER CHURCH
WAS BUILT IN THE STARK ROMANESQUE STYLE.
THE POWER OF THE STONEWORK SEEMS TO ECHO
THE FORCE OF MEDIEVAL CHRISTIANITY --
A FORCE THAT WAS NECESSARY TO TAME THOSE VIKINGS,
TURNING THEM FROM PAGAN RAIDERS INTO CHRISTIAN FARMERS.
FROM THE CHURCH, A QUAINT LANE LEADS DOWN TO THE AKERS RIVER.
IT'S LINED BY A DELIGHTFUL ROW OF WOODEN COTTAGES.
BECAUSE OF OSLO'S MANY DEVASTATING FIRES
OVER THE CENTURIES,
YOU WON'T SEE ARCHITECTURE LIKE THIS IN THE TOWN CENTER.
THE AKERS RIVER PARK IS A FAVORITE
OF DOG WALKERS AND JOGGERS.
WHILE TRANQUIL TODAY,
ITS WATERFALLS ONCE POWERED A SERIES OF MILLS,
WHICH DROVE OSLO'S EARLY INDUSTRY --
FLOUR MILLS IN THE 1300s, SAWMILLS IN THE 1500s,
AND NORWAY'S INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN THE 1800s.
THESE WOMEN LABORERS ARE PONDERING THE TEXTILE FACTORY
WHERE THEY AND HUNDREDS LIKE THEM TOILED LONG AND HARD,
NOT EVEN DREAMING OF THE GOOD LIFE WOMEN JUST A CENTURY LATER
WOULD ENJOY IN THIS SAME CITY.
THIS FORMER WORKING-CLASS DISTRICT,
CALLED GRUNERLOKKA, IS NOW A FAVORITE
OF OSLO'S CREATIVE AND BOHEMIAN SET.
LOCALS COME HERE FOR ITS CONVIVIAL NIGHT SCENE,
COLORFUL EATERIES,
AND MELLOW CAFES.
AND AT THE EDGE OF GRUNERLOKKA IS A NEIGHBORHOOD
THAT REFLECTS OSLO'S CHANGING ETHNIC COMPLEXION.
LIKE MUCH OF EUROPE, THE PEOPLE OF OSLO ARE LEARNING
TO SHARE THEIR CITY WITH A GROWING IMMIGRANT POPULATION.
ONE IN FIVE OF OSLO'S CITIZENS ARE NOT ETHNIC NORWEGIANS.
THESE NEW NORWEGIANS HAVE PROVIDED A MUCH-NEEDED
AND GENERALLY APPRECIATED LABOR FORCE,
FILLING JOBS THAT WEALTHY NORWEGIANS WOULD RATHER NOT DO.
IMMIGRANTS ARE CRITICAL IN: THE BOOMING CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY.
CAB COMPANIES, RESTAURANTS, AND HOTELS ARE
INCREASINGLY DEPENDENT ON THESE WORKERS,
AND ENTREPRENEURIAL IMMIGRANTS HAVE OPENED SUCCESSFUL SHOPS
AND POPULAR ETHNIC RESTAURANTS, LITERALLY ADDING SPICE
TO THE OTHERWISE PRETTY DRAB LOCAL CUISINE.
MODERN NORWAY IS A FAST-CHANGING SCENE,
BOTH ETHNICALLY AND ARCHITECTURALLY.
OSLO'S STRIKING OPERA HOUSE, BUILT OF CARRARA MARBLE,
SEEMS TO RISE LIKE AN ICEBERG FROM THE SEA.
THIS IS THE ONLY OPERA HOUSE IN THE WORLD
THAT DOUBLES AS A PUBLIC PLAZA,
WITH A ROOF DESIGNED TO BE WALKED ON.
BUILT ON A ONCE-GRITTY INDUSTRIAL ZONE,
TRAFFIC WAS RE-DIRECTED UNDERGROUND, AND TODAY,
THE CITY ENJOYS A POPULAR NEW CULTURAL VENUE.
IT'S A HUGE HIT.
ITS ROOF DOUBLES AS A GRANDSTAND FOR OUTDOOR CONCERTS,
AND ITS STRIKING INTERIOR: COMES WITH ALL THE ELEGANCE YOU'D EXPECT.
CONCERT-GOERS GATHER IN ITS SOARING LOBBY.
THE ACOUSTICS IN THIS STATE-OF-THE-ART THEATER
ARE CONSIDERED SOME OF THE BEST ANYWHERE,
AND OSLO'S JAZZ FESTIVAL TAKES FULL ADVANTAGE.
[ PLAYING JAZZ ]
[ APPLAUSE ]
IN THIS DISTANT CORNER OF EUROPE,
MANY VISITORS FIND MORE HIGH CULTURE THAN THEY EXPECT.
NORWAY'S NATIONAL GALLERY SHOWCASES THE POWERFUL BEAUTY
OF THIS COUNTRY'S LANDSCAPE AND PEOPLE
AS PORTRAYED BY ITS GREAT PAINTERS.
A THOUGHTFUL VISIT HERE GIVES THOSE HEADING INTO
THE MOUNTAINS AND FJORD COUNTRY
A CHANCE TO PACK ALONG A LITTLE BETTER UNDERSTANDING
OF NORWAY'S CULTURAL SOUL.
LANDSCAPES HAVE ALWAYS PLAYED
AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN NORWEGIAN ART.
THIS GENRE PEAKED IN THE LATE 19th CENTURY,
DURING THE ROMANTIC PERIOD,
WHICH STRESSED THE POWER AND BEAUTY OF NATURE.
"STALHEIM," BY JOHAN CHRISTIAN DAHL,
EPITOMIZES THE NORWEGIAN CLOSENESS TO NATURE.
ROMANTICS REVELED IN THE POWER OF GREAT OUTDOORS.
THE RAINBOW SAYS IT ALL -- THIS IS GOD'S WORK.
NATURE IS BIG, GOD IS GREAT.
MAN IS SMALL.
THE BIRCH TREE, STANDING BOLDLY FRONT AND CENTER,
IS A STANDARD SYMBOL FOR THE POLITICALLY DOWNTRODDEN
NORWEGIAN PEOPLE -- BATTERED, YET STILL STANDING.
IN THE MID-19th CENTURY, NORWEGIANS WERE AWAKENING
TO THEIR NATIONAL IDENTITY.
"THE BRIDAL VOYAGE" SHOWS THE ULTIMATE NORWEGIAN SCENE --
A WEDDING PARTY WITH EVERYONE DECKED OUT
IN THEIR TRADITIONAL DRESS, HEADING FOR THE STAVE CHURCH,
ENGULFED IN THE MAJESTY OF THE FJORDS.
HERE, AND THROUGHOUT EUROPE, NATIONALISM AND ROMANTICISM
WENT HAND-IN-HAND.
THESE WERE HARDWORKING, INDEPENDENT FOLK.
PEOPLE WERE POOR, BUT THEY OWNED THEIR OWN LAND.
PAINTINGS LIKE THESE WERE PATRIOTIC TOOLS.
THIS PAINTING, "LOW CHURCH DEVOTION,"
BY TIDEMAND, FROM 1848,
SHOWS A DISSENTING LUTHERAN CHURCH GROUP,
OF WHICH THERE WERE MANY IN THE 19th CENTURY.
RATHER THAN ACCEPT THE NORWEGIAN KING'S HIGH CHURCH,
THEY WORSHIPPED INDEPENDENTLY, IN A HUMBLE HOME.
THE LIGHT OF GOD POWERS THROUGH THE CHIMNEY,
ILLUMINATING SALT-OF-THE-EARTH PEOPLE WITH STRONG FAITHS.
LATER, MANY OF THESE SAME PEOPLE EMIGRATED TO AMERICA
FOR GREATER RELIGIOUS FREEDOM.
EDVARD MUNCH IS NORWAY'S MOST FAMOUS AND INFLUENTIAL PAINTER.
IN THIS 1895 SELF-PORTRAIT,
WE SEE A COMPLEX AND TROUBLED ARTIST.
MUNCH HELPED PIONEER A NEW STYLE,
EXPRESSIONISM, USING LURID COLORS
AND BOLD LINES TO EXPRESS INNER TURMOIL
AND THE ANGST OF THE MODERN WORLD.
"THE SCREAM" IS MUNCH'S MOST ICONIC WORK.
THE FIGURE SEEMS ISOLATED FROM THE PEOPLE ON THE BRIDGE,
LOCKED UP IN HIMSELF, UNABLE TO STIFLE HIS SCREAM.
MUNCH WROTE, "THIS PAINTING IS THE WORK OF A MADMAN."
THIS EXPRESSIONIST MASTERPIECE IS A BREAKTHROUGH PAINTING
SHOWING ANGST PERSONIFIED.
MUNCH SUFFERED FROM DEPRESSION.
HIS FATHER HAD A MENTAL BREAKDOWN.
HIS MOTHER AND HIS SISTER DIED OF TB.
WHEN HE EVENTUALLY OVERCAME HIS DEPRESSION,
HE BECAME A HAPPIER MAN, BUT HE NEVER AGAIN PAINTED
WITH SUCH POWER.
BUT TODAY, ESPECIALLY WHEN THE SUN SHINES IN OSLO,
IT'S REALLY NOT THAT BAD.
WHEREVER I TRAVEL,
I LIKE TO THINK OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ROUTES
AS POTENTIAL TOUR ROUTES.
OSLO'S MAIN TRAM LINE CIRCLES AROUND THE CITY.
YOU CAN HOP ON AND OFF,
KNOWING ANOTHER IS ALWAYS ON ITS WAY.
TRAMS COME BY ABOUT EVERY TEN MINUTES,
EFFICIENTLY AND ECONOMICALLY LACING TOGETHER
MANY OF THE CITY'S MOST IMPORTANT SIGHTS.
OSLO'S VAST FROGNER PARK IS A PERFECT PLACE
TO SHARE A MOMENT WITH NORWEGIAN FAMILIES AT PLAY.
STROLLING HERE, YOU FEEL A POSITIVE SPIRIT,
BOTH RUGGED AND PRAGMATIC,
CELEBRATING LIFE.
THE PARK SHOWCASES A LIFETIME OF WORK
BY OSLO'S GREATEST SCULPTOR, GUSTAV VIGELAND.
IN 1921, VIGELAND MADE A DEAL WITH THE CITY.
IN RETURN FOR A GREAT STUDIO AND FINANCIAL SUPPORT,
HE AGREED TO DEDICATE HIS CREATIVE LIFE
TO BEAUTIFYING OSLO WITH ALL THESE STATUES,
WHICH BECAME THIS MUCH-LOVED SCULPTURE GARDEN.
FROM 1924 TO 1943,
HE CREATED A WORLD OF BRONZE AND GRANITE STATUES
COMPRISING 600 FIGURES, EACH NUDE AND UNIQUE.
VIGELAND'S STURDY HUMANS CAPTURE UNIVERSAL THEMES
OF THE CYCLE OF LIFE.
TODAY, VIGELAND'S PARK IS BELOVED BY THE PEOPLE OF OSLO.
IT'S BOTH A PLACE TO RELAX AND A PLACE TO BE INSPIRED.
SIX GIANTS HOLD A FOUNTAIN,
SYMBOLICALLY TOILING WITH THE BURDEN OF LIFE,
AS WATER, THE SOURCE OF LIFE,
CASCADES STEADILY OVER THEM.
IN CLUMPS OF BRONZE TREES,
VIGELAND TAKES US THROUGH THE SEASONS OF LIFE.
THE CENTERPIECE OF THE PARK --
A TEEMING MONOLITH OF LIFE SURROUNDED BY GRANITE GROUPS --
CONTINUES VIGELAND'S CYCLE-OF-LIFE MOTIF.
VIGELAND EXPLORES A LIFETIME OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
IN EARTHBOUND GROUPS.
THE FIGURES SEEM IRRESISTIBLE,
AS VISITORS PLAYFULLY ENGAGE WITH THE ART.
THEN, AT THE CENTER, A TANGLE OF FIGURES
CARVED OUT OF A SINGLE BLOCK OF STONE ROCKETS SKYWARD.
BUILT OF BODIES, IT SEEMS TO PICK UP SPEED
AS IT SPIRALS UP.
VIGELAND LEFT THE MEANING OF HIS MONOLITH OPEN.
LIKE LIFE ITSELF,
IT'S A WONDERFUL PUZZLE.
I HOPE YOU'VE ENJOYED OUR VISIT TO OSLO.
LIKE THESE VIGELAND STATUES, OSLO ITSELF CAN INSPIRE US
TO CELEBRATE LIFE IN ALL ITS COMPLEXITY
AND TO EMBRACE IT.
THANKS FOR JOINING US.
I'M RICK STEVES.
UNTIL NEXT TIME, KEEP ON TRAVELIN'.
PEOPLE WHO IN 1,000 YEARS HAVE EVOLVED FROM
FEARSOME, MARAUDING VIKINGS TO PEOPLE LIKE ME.
[ LAUGHS ]
AND ARE GENERALLY COMFORTABLE, SATISFIED, PLEASED
WITH HOW THEIR LEADERS SPEND THEIR MONEY.
Man: THEY'RE DELIGHTED.
THE POINT OF THIS EXPEDITION: WAS TO SHOW THAT EARLY SOUTH AMERICANS
COULD HAVE POLLINATED --: Man: YO!
Man: OH, YOU'RE GOING TO BREAK THE PLACE.
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